PNJA GE 16.11

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Вопрос English Ответ English
być motorem dla czegoś
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be an engine of
to talk for a long time on a subject
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to hold forth on
pociąg podmiejski
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commuter train
a safe and peaceful place
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haven
a person who writes plays for the teathre, TV or radio
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playwright
to make sb feel sorry for sth they have done
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to chasten
to damage sth or make sth worse
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to impair
complete and total
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stark
improving a situation; having a helpful or useful effect
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beneficial to
lasting only a short time
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fleeting
a look at sb/sth for a very short time
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a glimpse at/of
to live in
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to reside in
a mammal
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primate
to make sb/sth different
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to alter
to take part in a sport, an activity, etc. but not very seriously
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to dabble in
a change to sth
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alteration
the part near the middle of a city, especially where the buildings are in a bad condition and the people are poor
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the inner city
a public road or street used by traffic, especially a main road in a city or town
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thoroughfare
a person walking in the street
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pedestrian
involving a risk or danger
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hazardous
careful, prepared for a danger, etc.
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wary
a pattern of straight lines, crossing each other to form squares
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grid
reduced by a large amount of sth, so that there is not enough left
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depleted
to use sth for advantage
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to exploit
important or necessary
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crucial
filled too much
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overstuffed
sth which causes part of the body to react
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stimuli
not related to what is being discussed and therefore of no importance
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irrelevant
the act or process of returning sth to its earlier good condition or position
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restoration
not easy to find or get
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scarce
1. to put sb/sth completely under the surface of liquid; 2. to become completely involved in sth
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immersion
a short argument
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skirmish
to make a sudden noise of explosion (of e.g. car engine)
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to backfire
to fill sth up again
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to replenish
to provide sb with equipment or clothes for a special purpose
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to outfit
a garden with many different types of trees, for people to look or scientific study
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arboretum
to look quickly at sb/sth
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to glance
1. that can be measured; 2. large enough to be noticed
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measurable
the state of having a condition which means that part of your body does not work correctly
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impairment
too small to be considered as important or useful
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paltry
a small area of sth, especially one which is different from the area around it
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patch
to a fairly large degree, especially in comparison to sth else
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relatively
to give sb sth that they can use; to provide a person for a particular task or position
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to assign sb to sth
several different
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various
a large area covered with buildings added at different times, so that it looks untidy
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sprawl
the material used on the surface of roads
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blacktop
a piece of ground where flowers are grown
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flowerbed
to deal with
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to handle
attractive green leaves and plants
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greenery
to reduce a supply of goods
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to draw down
containing a lot of people, things, etc. with little space between them
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dense
to walk in a slow, relaxed manner for pleasure
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to stroll
attacked
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assaulted
to take an amount of money off the usual cost of sth
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to discount
to use power or influence to affect sb/sth
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to exert
to spend a lot of money on sth you don't really need
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to splurge on
to make known or show sth that is surprising or that was previously secret
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to reveal
to allow yourself to have sth enjoyable, especially more than is good for you
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to indulge in
to try to destroy or damage sth
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to subvert
clear, simple
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undiluted
to combine two or more things in order to become more effective
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to integrate
a situation in which there is great confusion, violence and destruction
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maelstrom (of)
to increase a lot and suddenly in number
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to proliferate
a very large number of sth
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myriad
to make sth worse
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to exacerbate
to continue to exist for a long time
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to endure
be connected and affect or depend on one another
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to correlate
an important development that may lead to an agreement or achievement
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breakthrough
a situation, an argument or a fact that is the natural and direct result of another one (n.)
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corollary of sth
to make sth less harmful, serious, etc.
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to mitigate
panorama, horyzont, sylwetka na tle nieba
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skyline
to try hard to find a solution to a problem
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to grapple with
a person or company that buys land or buildings in order to build new ones or improve the old ones, and makes profit on doing this
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real-estate developer
to present plans
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to lay out plans
to start to do sth new or difficult
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to embark on
kept in its original state, in good condition
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preserved
to make changes to sth such as borders, a plan, an arrangement
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to redraw
to allow sb/sth to take place of sb/sth else
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to make way for
a very firm request for sth
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demand for/of sth
causing more problems instead of solving them
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self-defeating
a very tall block of flats or offices
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tower block
to be an area where sth is spread
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be dotted with
shining brightly with many small flashes of light
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glittering
the speed at which sth happens
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pace of sth
a place from which an organization is controlled
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headquarters
to completely destroy the inside of a building
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to gut the inside
to keep sth
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to retain
(of beliefs, ideas, personalities) to be very different and opposed to each other
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to clash with sth
to make sb pay money as an official punishment
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to fine sb for sth
small, unimportant
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mere
to have none or not enough of
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to lack
town-clerk
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city official
to look similar to the background that it is difficult to see it separetely
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to blend into sth
strange
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quirky
existing or happening over a large area or among many people
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widespread
a feeling that sb/sth is ridiculous and not worth considering seriously, shown by laughing in an unkind way or by making unkind remarks
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derision (to provoke/arouse)
to make sb less angry about sth
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to placate
a line or surface that bends gradually; a smooth bend
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curve
the amount that sth is curved
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curvature
to remove a cover from a painting, statue, etc., so that it can be seen in public for the first time; to show a new plan, product, etc. to the public for the first time
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to unveil
the activity of governing a country or controlling a company; the way in which a country is governed
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governance
similar to sb/sth else and able to be compared
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comparable to/with
not having necessary equipment or skills
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ill-equipped for sth/to do sth
a situation when there is not enough of the people or things that are needed
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shortage
greater than it seems reasonable or appropiate
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excessive
the act of moving or taking sth away or back
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withdrawal
becoming faster and faster
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exponential
used temporarily for a particular purpose, because the real thing is not available
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makeshift
a sudden start of sth unpleasant, especially violence or disease
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outbreak
not stopping or getting less strong
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relentless
the act or process of passing sth from one person to another
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transmission
disease can be passed easily from one person to another (adj.)
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infectious
more important, more successful or of a higher standard than others
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pre-eminent
1. to go around or avoid a place; 2. to ignore a rule, a system or sb in authority
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to bypass
if people or situations are ***, you feel fear and respect for them, because they are impressive and powerful, or because they are difficult (adj.)
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formidable
a substance that pollutes sth especially air or water
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pollutant
available or existing in a large amounts or numbers
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plentiful
where a large number of people live
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populous
probably caused by the thing mentioned
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attributable
a small building outside a main building; a toilet in a small building of its own
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outhouse
an amount of liquid or gas escaping through a hole in sth
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leakage
full of activity and noise (of e.g. city)
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bustling
dark and depressing (for rooms)
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dark and dingy
grey and depressing
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drab
cold because cold currents of air continually enter it (under the door, through cracks in the window, etc)
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draughty
boring and depressing
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dreary
dark and depressing
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gloomy
horrible, boring and depressing (for towns/cities)
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godforsaken
old and damp-smelling
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musty
very pretty (for buildings/town/villages)
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picturesque
very comfortable and expensively decorated (for rooms/hotels/restaurants)
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plush
uncomfortably small
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pok(e)y
far away from other towns/villages/people
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remote
dirty and untidy and generally connected with illegal/immoral activities
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seedy
a very quiet place where very little happens
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sleepy
very large
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spacious
lacking fresh air and unpleasant as a result
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stuffy
designed to attract tourists (with big hotels, nightclubs, shopping centres, etc) and lacking any local colour as a result
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touristy
has not lost its local character because of tourist developments
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unspoiled
products of very high quality for the rich (adj.)
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upmarket
area that has only private houses, not offices and factories
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residential area
zaniedbany
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deprived
when some things form a row along a side of sth
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be lined with
strefa przemysłowa
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industrial zone
usiany śmieciami
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be strewn with litter
to make an improvement or change happen faster (=encourage)
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to spur sth
someone who lives in an empty building without permission and without paying rent
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a squatter
critisizing someone or something in a strong and effective way
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hard-hitting
trouble between two or more people (=conflict)
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strife
the condition of being dirty and unpleasant because of a lack of care or money
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squalor
sth or sb that attracts many people or things
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a magnet for sb/sth
to be even better or greater than sb or sth else
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to surpass sth
a small building that has not been built very well
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shack
a very important event in the development of sth
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milestone
to try very hard to do sth (idiom)
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to take pains to do sth
unpleasantly bright
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garish
falling fertility rates
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birth dearth
odpowiednik
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counterpart
fast and sudden
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rapid
(of reduction or increase) fast or great
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precipitous
go faster
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to accelerate
to take sth in, especially gradually
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to absorb
very serious or bad
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severe
use sb/sth
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be drain on sb/sth
to start or develop as a results of sth
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to stem from sth
act of going into a place
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incursion
much too large
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exorbitant
to waste money or supplies
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to squander
o ogromnym znaczeniu
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of utmost importance
to write sth quickly on a piece of paper so that you can remember it
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to jot sth down
the most unpleasant or serious thing that could happen in a situation
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worst case scenario
odpukać
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to touch wood
to suddenly win or make a lot fo money
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to hit the jackpot
na krawędzi, na skraju
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on the verge
prowizorycznie
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in a makeshift manner
shy
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timid
gap
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chasm
indywidualnie dla każdego przypadku
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on a case-by-case basis
złe dopasowanie
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poor fit
amorficzny, bezkształtny
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amorphous
pozbawiony
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devoid
mieszkać, zamieszkiwać
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dweller, to dwell
dziesięciokrotnie
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tenfold
w przybliżeniu
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roughly
to become smaller in size or amount, or fewer in number
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to dwindle
with great effort
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mightily
osuszanie, odpływ
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drainage
to be working hard
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to be hard at work
szyba
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a pane of glass
happening one after another
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in succession
przejście
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gangway
ostrożność
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precaution
not to realise or show that you are grateful for how much you get from them
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to take sb/sth for granted
to have a powerful effect on sth
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to have an impact on sth
planned for the future
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be projected to do sth
to have or experience a particular thing, especially something unpleasant
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be subject to
to cause sth, especially a problem or difficulty
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to pose
zmniejszające się zasoby
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dwindling resources
przyczyniać się do
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to contribute (mightily) to
łamać sobie głowę
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to rack one's brain
dostać pracę
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to land oneself a job
być zaproszonym na rozmowę o pracę
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to be shortlisted for a job
na baczności
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on the alert
wyrazić swoje poglądy
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to air one's views
to do away with
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to abolish
illness
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ailment
(of sth bad) getting worse quickly in an uncontrolled way
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rampant
sudden or great increase
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a surge in...
błędne koło
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a vicious circle
odbiegać od normy
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to deviate from the norm
a table or temporary structure used as a small shop for selling newspapers and magazines outside in public places
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newsstand

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