unit 7 review - vocab

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Weathering
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breakdown of rock into smaller pieces
Erosion
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removal and transport of material
Deposition
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dropping of material, such as sediment
Mechanical Weathering
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weathering through physical means such as abrasion or changes in temperature
Chemical Weathering
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weathering through chemical reactions
“Agent of Change”: Wind
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can move particles, which can abrade solid rock
“Agent of Change”: Water
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can move particles, which can abrade solid rock, and when slightly acidic, can dissolve some rock
“Agent of Change”: Waves
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can smash pebbles against each other and other rock
“Agent of Change”: Ice
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can split rock through cycles of freezing and thawing or by moving glaciers
Stream Gradient
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grade (or slope) measured by the ratio of drop in elevation and horizontal distance
Sediments
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particles that settle after being eroded and deposited
Delta
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deposited sediment that forms a triangular structure at the mouth of the river
Alluvial Fan
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a triangular structure, similar to a delta, on land
Cave/cavern
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is a feature that forms when water dissolves limestone, forming voids in the rock
Karst Region
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area or region characterized by many caves and sinkholes
Frost Wedging
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cycles of freezing and thawing water breaks rock because ice expands
Abrasion
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process of scraping or wearing something away
Subsidence
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downward movement of the lithosphere
Stalactite and Stalagmite
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cave features that form due to dripping water
Glacier
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large areas of ice on land
Moraine
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landforms that result when a glacier deposits till (glacier sediment)
Kettle lakes
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depressions left behind by glaciers when ice melts
Ground Water
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water underground (about 30% of Earth’s fresh water)
Sinkholes
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is a circular depression that forms at the land surface when the rock beneath collapses

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