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demokracja
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democracy
trójpodział władzy
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separation of power
władza ustawodawcza
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legislative power
marszałek sejmu
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the Marshal of the Sejm
marszałek senatu
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the Marshal of the Senate
rada ministrów
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the Council of Ministers
wiceprezes rady ministrów
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Deputy Prime Minister
posłowie
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Deputies
mandat
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Mandate
mandat wolny
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free mandate
(deputies are not bound by any instructions of their electorate)
dwuizbowy
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bicameral
a two house legislative body
jednoizbowy
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unicameral
a law-making body of government consisting of a single house
immunitet
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immunity
immunitet formalny
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formal immunity
mandat imperatywny
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imperative mandate
projekt ustawy
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bill
proposed law
władza wykonawcza
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executive power
This branch which enforces the law consists of the president, vice president and cabinet members. Duties include: the Armed Forces, federal budget, foreign policy, veto and approve laws.
gwarant ciągłości władzy państwowej.
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the guarantor of the continuity of State authority
Prezes Rady Ministrów
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Prime Minister
władza sądownicza
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judicial branch
mechanizmy gwarantujące zachowanie równowagi politycznej
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Checks and Balances
A system which prevents one branch of government from being more powerful than the other
wybory powszechne, równe, bezpośrednie i w głosowaniu tajnym
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universal, equal and direct elections, conducted by secret ballot
łapówkarstwo
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bribery
The offering, promising, giving, accepting, soliciting of an advantage asan inducement foran action which's illegal, unethicalor a breachoftrust. Inducementscan take the form ofgifts, loans, fees, rewards etc
nepotyzm
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nepotism
form of favouritism based on acquaintances and familiar relationships whereby someone in an official position uses their power to provide a job/favour to family member or friend, even though they dont deserve or have qualifications
klientelizm
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clientelism
an unequal system of exchanging resources and favours based on an exploitative relationship between a wealthier or more powerful "patron" and a less wealthy and weaker "client"
demagogia
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demagoguery
appeal to people that plays on their emotions and prejudices rather than on their rational side

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