Translation shifts (27 + 3/4 str)

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Вопрос		Ответ
Translation shifts: level shifts начать обучение		Departures from formal correspondence in the process of going from the SL to TL.
types of translation shifts 1. vocabulary shifts 2. grammar shifts начать обучение		The SL item has a TL equivalent at a different level (forest, wood vs las, puszcza, bór) gram.eg. He did not see me. Nie widzial mnie Spytal gdzie bylam. He asked me where I had been.
Structure shifts начать обучение		involve a grammatical change between the structure of the ST and TT
Class shifts начать обучение		when a SL item is translated with a TL item, which belongs to a different grammatical class a verb may be translated with a noun, an adjective with a noun, Twoja twarz wydaje mi sie obca. Your face would seem a stranger’s face to me.
Unit shifts начать обучение		Which involve changes in rank, involving eg. syntax one sentence in two sentences
Intra-system-shifts начать обучение		translation involves selection of a non-corresponding term in the TL system Nic ich nie bedzie cieszyc. Nothing will make them happy
shifts criticism начать обучение		shifts concern all the factors (cultural situation and historical facts) not just linguistics as a only discipline
House, translation Quality Assessment 1997 - начать обучение		Equivalence needed for the evaluation of translation.
functionalist approach начать обучение		A translation model in which the languages of ST and TT are equivalent in function
Translation is only considered to be adequate in quality if начать обучение		it matches the textual profile & and function of the ST

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