Testik 1 FMV

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Вопрос English Ответ English
Carry out
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to do or complete smth
Scientists have carried out research on.../We have carried out a thorough review of...
Bring about
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cause
The railways brought about huge change
come about
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happen
The discovery came about by chance
account for
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explain
unusually cold weather accounted for the rise in fuel use
consist of
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beginning of an essay
This report consists of 3 main parts
focus on
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beginning of an essay
The essay focuses on Mahler’s early life...
expand on
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(essay) to give more details about smth you have said
The essay focuses on Mahler’s early life and expands on previous work by...
build on
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(essay) to use a success as a base from which to achieve more success
The essay focuses on Mahler’s early life and builds on previous work by...
devote smth to
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a part (essay) use an area for a particular purpose
The final section is devoted to a discussion of...
refer to
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to tell smn to look at a book or similar record in order to find information and help
In academic writing it is usually necessary to refer to other sources
point out
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to tell smn some information
As Brown points out
put forward
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to state an idea or opinion or tu suggest a plan
Smith puts forward the theory that
allude to
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to mention smth/smn without talking about it directly, mention briefly
Her letters allude to the fact that
attribute to
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to say that smth is caused by a particular person
This poem was originally attributed to shakespeare
Bear out
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to support the truth of smth
these results bear our earlier findings
points towards
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to make it seem likely that a particular fact is true
All the evidence points towards human error
base smth on smth
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to use information to support or prove an opinion or belief
These recommendations are based on the results of extensive research
arrive at
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to reaxh an agreement about smth
Their team arrived at the same conclusions
follow up
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to find out more about smth, take more action connected with it
The questionnaires were followed up with interviews
factor in
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to include smth when you are doing a calculation, or trying to understand smth, consider information
We had to factor in the effect of other treatments
narrow down
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to make a number/list smaller by removing the least important or necessary things
Eventually, the age range was narrowed down
subject to
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only able to happen if smth else happens/make smth experience an unpleasant or worrying thing
All the experiments were subjected to strict controls
dispense with
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to get rid of, stop using smth you don’t need
The team was then able to dispense with paper records
phase smth in
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to introduce smth in stages
the new procedures were phased in gradually
rule smth out
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to decide or say that smth is impossible/not suitable
don’t rule out phrasal verbs in formal writing
contribute to
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to help to cause an event, situatiob
contribute to an authoritative style
result in
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to cause a particular situation to happen
result in admiration from ypur readers
#
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number
Spoken-No - say "number"
Do you have invoice #322034?
a/c
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account
Spoken-No - say "account"
Can you email me the details for a/c number 22-356?
AGM
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annual general meeting
Spoken-Yes
Shareholders voted at the AGM.
anon.
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anonymous used when an author or creator is not known
Spoken-No - say "anonymous"
Primary Colors by Anon. was about Bill Clinton
apt.
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apartment
Spoken-No - say "apartment" or "number"
He's in apt. 204
ASAP
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as soon as possible
Spoken-Yes
Please finish the report ASAP.
attn
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for the attention of used on letters and memos
Spoken-No - say "attention"
Attn: Sarah Jones.
approx.
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approximately
Spoken-Sometimes, but usually say "approximately"
Expecting approx. 300 people at the conference.
b.
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born
spoken-No - say "born"
Mozart (b. 1756)
bcc
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blind copy to comes from "blind carbon copy"
spoken-Yes
Can you please bcc human resources in the email?
c.
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around comes from Latin: circa
spoken-No - say "circa" or "around"
He was born c. 1750.
C.
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century
spoken-No - say "century"
20thC.
cc
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copy to comes from "carbon copy"
spoken-Yes
Make sure you cc the boss.
CEO
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chief executive officer
spoken-Yes
New CEO hired
cf.
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compare comes from Latin: confer
spoken-No - say "compared with" or "compare"
Sales in the third quarter increased (cf. second quarter).
CFO
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chief financial officer
spoken-Yes
CFO on vacation till end of week
c/o
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care of used on addresses; sometimes c/-
spoken-No - say "care of"
Ralph Sawyer c/o Accounts
cont.
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continued also contd.
spoken-No - say "continued"
Contd. next week.
d.
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died
spoken-No - say "died"
Mozart (d. 1791)
dept
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department
spoken-No - say "department"
Send all communications to the publicity dept.
d.o.b.
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date of birth
spoken-No - say "date of birth"
Name: John Johanson D.O.B. 25-4-82
e.g.
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for example comes from Latin: exempli gratia
spoken-Sometimes, but usually say "for example"
Bring items required for presentation—e.g. laptop, product samples, etc
esp.
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especially
spoken-No - say "especially"
I miss Japanese food, esp. ramen and sushi!
est.
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established
spoken-No - say "established"
Starbucks (est. 1971) now has about 20,000 stores
ETA
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estimated time of arrival
spoken english-yes
ETA is 10.30am
et al.
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and others comes from Latin: et alia
spoken-Yes
Please see the report by Spencer et al.
etc.
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and so on from Latin: et cetera
spoken-No - say "et cetera"
The meeting covered the project schedule, budget, marketing plan etc.
fig.
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figure
spoken-No - say "figure"
... as shown in fig. 3
fwd
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forward
spoken-No - say "forward"
Please fwd to Bill
HR
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human resources
spoken-yes
You'll need to talk to HR.
i.e.
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that is come from Latin: id est
spoken-No - say "namely" or "that is to say"
We visited both the old and new capitals of Japan i.e. Kyoto and Tokyo.
incl.
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includes/included
spoken-No - say "included" or "includes"
Batteries incl.
max.
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maximum
spoken-Sometimes
Max. temperature: 180°C
min.
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minimum
spoken-No - say "minimum"
Min. cost: $200 per person
misc.
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miscellaneous
spoken-No - say "miscellaneous"
Responsibilities include misc. office tasks
msg.
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message
spoken-No - say "message"
Caller: Dave from IT Msg: PC upgraded and new software installed
n/a
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not applicable/available used on forms when the requested information is not relevant also used when products are not available
spoken-No - only used in writing
Comes in three colours: - red - white - black n/a
N.B.
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it is important to notice comes from Latin: nota bene
spoken-No - say "note"
We are open 7 days a week. N.B. Closed Christmas Day and New Year's Day
no.
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number
spoken-No - say "number"
Beckham is no. 23
p., pp.
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page, pages
spoken-No - say "page" or "pages"
Turn to p. 7 for more information Marketing plan is on pp. 23 - 30
p.a.
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per year comes from Latin: per annum
spoken-No - say "per annum" or "per year"
His salary is more than $1m p.a.
pls
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please
spoken-No - say "please"
Pls call before 4.
PR
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public relations
spoken-Yes
She's in charge of PR.
p.s.
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postscript used before a phrase added at the end of a letter or email
spoken-No - only used in writing
Regards, Peter p.s. I'll be back to work on the 5th.
p.t.o.
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please turn over used at the bottom of a page to show there is something on the other side
spoken-No - say "please turn over" or "please turn the page"
For more information p.t.o.
qty.
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quantity
spoken-No - say "quantity"
Item number: 3847c Qty. 6
R&D
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research and development
spoken-Yes
He's been in R&D for about 7 years.
re
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with reference to
spoken-Sometimes
Call Morgan re Tuesday's appointment
RSVP
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please reply comes from French: répondez s'il vous plaît
spoken-Yes
RSVP by June 1st.
TBA
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to be advised also TBC — to be confirmed
spoken-No - say "to be confirmed" or "not yet confirmed"
Meeting on Wednesday, but time is TBC
vs.
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versus
spoken-No - say "versus" or "against"
We watched Japan vs. Australia
brush up (on) (their technique)
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oprasit znalosti
come around to (our side)
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zmenit nazor (change opinion bcs someone has persuaded you)
face up to (the consequences)
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vyrovnat se s něčím (accept and try to deal with)

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