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one of the groups into which people in a society are divided according to their manners, family, background, education, job or income
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• the term ‘social first appeared in начать обучение
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the 19 th century as a way of classifying the social differences in Britain following the Industrial Revolution
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working class’, ‘middle and ‘upper class’ начать обучение
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originally described the relationship between industrial workers, managers and owners, and have largely remained the same since the Victorian era
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the ABC1 social economic classifications начать обучение
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as a discriminatory tool for media consumption and purchasing power, developed more than 50 years ago by the National Readership Survey upper middle class- middle class- lower middle class- skilled working class- working class- lowest subsistence level
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The GREAT BRITISH CLASS SURVEY by the BBC начать обучение
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UK now has seven social classes, • m ore than 161,000 people took part in th is survey the largest study of class in the UK *economic capital income, savings, house value *social capital the number and status of people someone knows *cultural capital the extent and nature of cultural interests and activities •drawing on French sociologist Pierre Bourdieu ’s idea of three capital s, it measured
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(6%) the wealthiest and most privileged group in the UK; they go to private school and elite universities and enjoy high cultural activities such as listening to classical music and going to the opera
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(25%) the most gregarious and the second wealthiest of all the class groups t hey work in traditional professions and socialise with a wide variety of people, and take part in a wide variety of cultural activities
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(6%) a small, distinctive and prosperous new class group t hey prefer emerging culture, such as social media, and mix mainly among themselves t hey work in science and tech and come from middle class backgrounds
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(15%) s (15%) economically secure, without being well off (in the middle of all gorups in terms of wealth sociable, ha ve lots of cultural interests t hey’re likely to come from working class backgrounds
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Traditional working class начать обучение
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(t his group has the oldest average age, and they’re likely to own their own home t hey mix among themselves and don’t enjoy emerging culture j obs in this group include lorry drivers, cleaners and electricians
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(19%) t hese young people have high social and cultural capital so they know people from all different walks of life, and enjoy a wide range of cultural activities but are not financially secure
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(15%) t he poorest and most deprived social group t hey tend to mix socially with people like them and don’t have a broad range of cultural interests m ore than 80% rent their home
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SOCIAL MOBILITY IN THE UK начать обучение
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• i n the UK it could take at least 5 generations, or 150 years, for the child of a poor family to reach the average national income, currently about £27,000 for those in full time employment, compared with 2 generations in Denmark and 3 in Sweden • France and Germany are more equal societies than the UK on some measures, hav ing a lower proportion of people on low incomes •in the UK, 46% of children whose fathers have high earnings grow up to have high earnings themselves
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• the essence of the American dream is that anyone can rise – American society is meritocratic and class is achievement based – one s membership in a particular social class is based on educational and career accomplishments •most Americans recognize a three tier structure that includes the upper, middle, and lower classes, but variations delineate an upper middle class and a working class
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