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drone /drəʊn; US / verb [intransitive] to make a continuous low sound the sound of the tractors droning away in the fields ▶ warczeć buczeć □ drone noun [sing.] the drone of machinery ▶ warkot buczenie
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2drool (over sb/sth) to show in a silly or exaggerated way that you want or admire sb/sth very much teenagers drooling over photographs of their favourite pop stars ▶ pożerać kogoś/coś wzrokiem omdlewać z zachwytu na widok kogoś/czegoś drool /dru: l; US / verb [intransitive] 1 to let saliva come out from the mouth, usually at the sight or smell of sth good to eat ▶ ślinić się
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□ drooping /; US / (also droopy) adj. a drooping moustache ▶ opadający obwisły droop /dru: p; US / verb [intransitive] to bend or hang downwards, especially because of weakness or because you are tired The flowers were drooping (więdły) without water. ▶ opadać omdlewać
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2[intransitive] to fall At the end of the race she dropped to her knees exhausted. The parachutist dropped safely (wylądował szczęśliwie) to the ground. ▶ opadać zniżać się drop1 /drɒp; US / verb (dropping; dropped) ⇨ POSŁUCHAJ NAGRAŃ PRZYKŁADÓW 1[transitive] to let sth fall That vase was very expensive. Whatever you do, don’t drop it! The helicopters dropped (zrzuciły) food and medicine. ▶ upuszczać
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4[transitive] drop sb/sth (off) to stop your car, etc. so that sb can get out, or in order to take sth out Drop me off at the traffic lights, please. I’ll drop the parcel at your house. ▶ wysadzać kogoś z samochodu podrzucać (np. przesyłkę) 3[intransitive, transitive] to become lower; to make sth lower The temperature will drop to minus 3 overnight. They ought to drop their prices. to drop your voice ▶ spadać obniżać (się) zniżać (się)
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6[transitive] to stop doing sth I’m going to drop geography next term. Drop everything – I need your help right now! ▶ zarzucać rzucać 5[transitive] drop sb/sth (from sth) to no longer include sb/sth in sth Joe has been dropped from the team. ▶ wyrzucać usuwać pomijać
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3[sing.] a fall to a smaller amount or level The job is much more interesting but it will mean a drop in salary. a drop in prices/temperature ▶ spadek obniżka drop2 /drɒp; US / noun 1 [countable] a very small amount of liquid that forms a round shape a drop of blood/rain ▶ kropla 2[countable, usually sing.] a small amount of liquid I just have a drop of milk in my coffee. ▶ kropelka łyk
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4[sing.] a distance down from a high point to a lower point a sheer drop of 40 metres to the sea ▶ spadek 5(drops) [pl.] liquid medicine that you put into your eyes, ears or nose The doctor prescribed me drops to take twice a day. ▶ krople
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ˌdrop-down ˈmenu noun [countable] a list which appears on your computer screen and that stays there until you choose one of the functions on it ▶ menu rozwijane
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2 a person who does not accept the ideas and ways of behaving of the rest of society ▶ odszczepieniec dropout /ˈdrɒpaʊt; US / noun [countable] 1 a person who leaves school, university, etc. before finishing their studies a university with a high dropout rate ▶ ktoś, kto nie skończył szkoły, studiów itp.
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dropper /ˈdrɒpə(r); US / noun [countable] a short glass tube that has a rubber end with air in it. A dropper is used for measuring drops of liquids, especially medicines. ▶ kroplomierz zakraplacz
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droppings /ˈdrɒpɪŋz; US / noun [pl.] waste material from the bodies of small animals or birds rabbit droppings ▶ odchody bobki
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drought /draʊt; US / noun [countable, uncountable] a long period without rain two years of severe drought ▶ susza
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2[transitive] drown sb/sth (out) (used about a sound) to be so loud that you cannot hear sb/sth else His answer was drowned out by the music. ▶ zagłuszać drown /draʊn; US / verb 1 [intransitive, transitive] to die in water because it is not possible to breathe; to make sb die in this way The girl fell into the river and drowned. Twenty people were drowned in the floods. ▶ topić (się) tonąć
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□ drowsily /; US / adv. ▶ sennie ospale —drowsiness /; US / noun [uncountable] Do not take these tablets before driving, as they can cause drowsiness. ▶ senność ospałość drowsy /ˈdraʊzi; US / adj. (drowsier; drowsiest) tired and almost asleep The heat made me feel drowsy. ▶ senny śpiący
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2 a chemical which is used as a medicine drug companies Some drugs can only be obtained with a prescription from a doctor. ▶ lekarstwo lek drug1 /drʌɡ / noun [coun]. It is illegal in many countries to use drugs He doesn’t take drugs. She suspected her son was on drugs (bierze narkotyki). hard drugs such as heroin and cocaine soft drugs ▶ narkotyk
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2 a round container an oil drum ▶ beczka drum1 /drʌm; US / noun [countable] 1 a musical instrument like an empty container with plastic or skin stretched across the ends. You play a drum by hitting it with your hands or with sticks She plays the drums (na perkusji) in a band. ▶ bęben
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drum2 /drʌm; US / verb (drumming; drummed) 1[intransitive] to play a drum ▶ grać na bębnie
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drummer /ˈdrʌmə(r); US / noun [countable] a person who plays a drum or drums ▶ perkusist-a/ka dobosz/ka
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drumstick /ˈdrʌmstɪk; US / noun [countable] 1 a stick used for playing the drums ▶ pałeczka 2 the lower leg of a chicken or similar bird that we cook and eat ▶ nóżka (np. pieczonego kurczaka)
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drunk1 /drʌŋk; US / adj. [not before a noun] ⇨ POSŁUCHAJ NAGRAŃ PRZYKŁADÓW having drunk too much alcohol to get drunk upijać się You’re drunk! ▶ pijany
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□ drunkenly /; US / adv. ▶ po pijanemu pijacko —drunkenness /; US / noun [uncountable] ▶ pijaństwo drunken /ˈdrʌŋkən; US / adj. [only before a noun] 1 having drunk too much alcohol drunken drivers ▶ nietrzeźwy pijany 2 showing the effects of too much alcohol drunken singing ▶ pijacki
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2 having little or no rain a hot, dry summer a dry climate ▶ suchy OPPOSITE wet 3 not having enough natural oil a shampoo for dry hair ▶ suchy dry1 /draɪ; US / adj. (drier; driest) 1 without liquid in it or on it The washing isn’t dry yet. The paint is dry now. Rub your hair dry (wytrzyj włosy do sucha) with a towel. In the summer the stream ran dry (wysechł). ▶ suchy
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6 not interesting dry legal documents ▶ nieciekawy nudny □ dryness /; US / noun [uncountable] ▶ suchość jałowość 4 not sweet a crisp dry white wine ▶ wytrawny 5 (used about what sb says, or sb’s way of speaking) amusing, although it sounds serious He has a dry sense of humour. Opowiada dowcipy z poważną miną. ▶ wypowiedziany z poważną miną
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dry2 /draɪ; US / verb [intransitive, transitive] (drying; dries; past tense, past participle dried) to become dry; to make sth dry I hung my shirt in the sun to dry. to dry your hands on a towel ▶ suszyć (się) wycierać
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ˌdry-ˈclean verb [transitive] to clean clothes using special chemicals, without using water ▶ czyścić chemicznie
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ˌdry-ˈcleaner’s (also cleaner’s) noun [countable] the shop where you take your clothes to be cleaned ▶ pralnia chemiczna
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dryer (also drier) /ˈdraɪə(r); US / noun [countable] [often in compounds] a machine that you use for drying sth a hairdryer a tumble dryer ▶ suszarka
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ˌdry ˈland noun [uncountable] land, not the sea I was glad to be back on dry land again. ▶ stały ląd
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dual /ˈdju:əl; US ˈdu:- / adj. [only before a noun] having two parts the dual role of mother and working woman to have dual nationality ▶ podwójny SYNONYM double
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ˌdual ˈcarriageway (US diˌvided ˈhighway) noun [countable] a wide road that has an area of grass or a fence in the middle to separate the traffic going in one direction from the other direction ▶ droga/szosa szybkiego ruchu droga dwupasmowa
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ˌdual-ˈpurpose adj. that can be used for two different purposes a dual-purpose vehicle The church is a modern dual-purpose building, both a place of worship and a community centre. ▶ dwufunkcyjny
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I don’t like foreign films when they’re dubbed into English. I prefer subtitles. ▶ dubbingować podkładać (np. głos, muzykę) 3 to make a piece of music by mixing different pieces of recorded music together ▶ miksować (muzykę) dub /dʌb/ verb [tran] (dubbing; dubbed) 1 to give sb/sth a new or amusing name ▶ przezywać nazywać 2dub sth (into sth) to change the sound in a film so that what the actors said originally is spoken by actors using a different language
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2 that may not be honest or safe dubious financial dealings ▶ podejrzany □ dubiously /; US / adv. ▶ z powątpiewaniem niepewnie dubious /ˈdju: biəs; US ˈdu:- / adj. 1 dubious (about sth/about doing sth) not sure or certain I’m very dubious (mam poważne wątpliwości) about whether we’re doing the right thing. ▶ niepewny
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duck1 /dʌk; US / noun (pl. ducks or duck) 1 [countable] a common bird that lives on or near water. Ducks have short legs, webbed feet for swimming and a wide beak. ▶ kaczka
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2[intransitive, transitive] (informal) duck (out of) sth to try to avoid sth difficult or unpleasant She tried to duck out of apologizing. The President is trying to duck responsibility for the crisis. ▶ wykręcać się od czegoś duck2 /dʌk; US / verb 1 [intransitive, transitive] to move your head down quickly so that you are not seen or hit by sb/sth The boys ducked out of sight behind a high hedge. I had to duck my head down to avoid the low doorway. ▶ robić unik
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duct /dʌkt; US / noun [countable] a tube that carries liquid, gas, etc. an air duct przewód wentylacyjny tear ducts gruczoły łzowe ▶ kanał przewód
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be due (to do sth) [not before a noun] expected or planned to happen or arrive What time is the next train/bus/plane due (in)? The baby is due in May. The conference is due to start in four weeks’ time. ▶ mieć coś robić spodziewać się due1 /dju:; US du: / adj. 1 due to sb/sth caused by or because of sb/sth His illness is probably due to stress. The strike was due to poor working conditions. ▶ spowodowany czymś/przez kogoś z powodu kogoś/czegoś
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5due for sth expecting sth or having the right to sth I’m due for a pay rise. Mogę się spodziewać podwyżki. ▶ należący się komuś 3[not before a noun] having to be paid The rent is due on the fifteenth of each month. ▶ płatny 4due (to sb) that is owed to you because it is your right to have it Make sure you claim all the benefits that are due to you. ▶ należny
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duel /ˈdju:əl; US ˈdu:- / noun [countable] a formal type of fight with guns or other weapons which was used in the past to decide an argument between two men ▶ pojedynek
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duet /djuˈet; US du- / (also duo) noun [countable] a piece of music for two people to sing or play ▶ duet
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duke (also Duke) /dju: k; US du: k / noun [countable] a man of the highest social position the Duke of York ▶ książę ⇨ look at duchess, prince
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2 not bright a dull and cloudy day The room is painted in dull colours. ▶ pochmurny szary ciemny 3 not loud, sharp or strong Her head hit the floor with a dull thud. a dull pain ▶ tępy przytłumiony dull /dʌl / adj. 1 not interesting or exciting; boring Life is never dull in the city. Miss Potter’s lessons are always so dull. ▶ nudny
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□ dullness /; US / noun [uncountable] ▶ nuda szarość otępienie ospałość —dully /ˈdʌlli; US / adv. 1 in a dull way ▶ nieciekawie nudno 2 showing no interest Sheila didn’t answer. She just stared dully at me. ▶ tępo apatycznie
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3(informal) a stupid person Don’t just stand there like a dummy – help me! ▶ bałwan 4 (US pacifier /ˈpæsɪfaɪə(r); US /) a rubber object that you put in a baby’s mouth to keep him/her quiet and happy ▶ smoczek dummy /ˈdʌmi; US / noun [coun] (pl. dummies) 1 a model of the human body used for putting clothes on i a tailor’s dummy ▶ manekin 2 something that is made to look like sth else but that is not the real thing ▶ atrapa makieta
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□ dummy adj. made to look real, although it is actually a copy which does not work dummy bullets ślepe naboje The robbers used dummy handguns in the raid. ▶ sztuczny podrobiony
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2 to put sth down quickly or in a careless way The children dumped their coats and bags in the hall and ran off to play. ▶ rzucać coś niedbale /dʌmp / verb [tran] 1 to get rid of sth that you do not want, especially in a place which is not suitable Nuclear waste should not be dumped in the sea. I wish you wouldn’t keep dumping all the extra work on me. ▶ wyrzucać (i przen.) po(d)rzucać
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2(informal) a place that is very dirty, untidy or unpleasant The flat is cheap but it’s a real dump. ▶ nora rudera dump2 /dʌmp; US / noun [countable] 1 a place where rubbish or waste material from factories, etc. is left a rubbish dump ▶ wysypisko śmieci
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ˈdumper truck (US ˈdump truck) noun [countable] a lorry that carries material such as stones or earth in a special container which can be lifted up so that the load can fall out ▶ wywrotka
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dumpling /ˈdʌmplɪŋ; US / noun [countable] a small ball of dough that is cooked and usually eaten with meat ▶ rodzaj kluski/knedla
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dune /dju: n; US du: n / (also ˈsand dune) noun [countable] a low hill of sand by the sea or in the desert ▶ wydma diuna
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dung /dʌŋ; US / noun [uncountable] waste material from the bodies of large animals cow dung ▶ łajno gnój nawóz
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dungarees /ˌdʌŋɡəˈri: z;/ (US overalls) noun [pl.] a piece of clothing, similar to trousers, but covering your chest as well as your legs and with narrow pieces of cloth that go over the shoulders a pair of dungarees ▶ kombinezon spodnie ogrodniczki
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dungeon /ˈdʌndʒən; US / noun [countable] an old underground prison, especially in a castle ▶ loch
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2[transitive] (especially US) to push sb underwater for a short time, as a joke; to put sth into water The camera survived being dunked in the river. ▶ zanurzać dunk /dʌŋk; US / verb 1 [transitive] dunk sth (in/into sth) to put food quickly into liquid before eating it She sat reading a magazine, dunking cookies in her coffee. ▶ maczać (np. sucharek w herbacie)
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duo /ˈdju:əʊ; US ˈdu:- / noun [countable] (pl. duos) 1 two people playing music or singing together ▶ duet 2= duet
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duodenum /ˌdju:əˈdi: nəm; US / noun [countable] the first part of the small intestine, next to the stomach ▶ dwunastnica
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□ duplication /ˌdju: plɪˈkeɪʃn; US ˌdu:- / noun [uncountable] ▶ powielanie kopiowanie dublowanie duplicate1 /ˈdju: plɪkeɪt; US ˈdu:- / verb [transitive] 1 to make an exact copy of sth ▶ powielać kopiować 2 to do sth that has already been done We don’t want to duplicate the work of other departments. ▶ powielać dublować
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duplicate2 /ˈdju: plɪkət; US ˈdu:- / noun [countable] something that is exactly the same as sth else ▶ kopia duplikat □ duplicate adj. [only before a noun] a duplicate key dorobiony klucz ▶ identyczny
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durable /ˈdjʊərəbl; US ˈdʊər- / adj. that can last a long time a durable fabric ▶ trwały wytrzymały □ durability /ˌdjʊərəˈbɪləti; US / noun [uncountable] ▶ trwałość wytrzymałość
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duration /djuˈreɪʃn; US du- / noun [uncountable] the time that sth lasts Please remain seated for the duration of the flight. ▶ czas trwania (czegoś)
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duress /djuˈres; US du- / noun [uncountable] threats or force that are used to make sb do sth He signed the confession under duress. ▶ przymus
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Zwróć uwagę, że during używa się, by powiedzieć, kiedy coś się wydarzyło. Do określenia, jak długo coś trwało, używa się for: I went shopping during my lunch break. I was out for about 25 minutes. ⇨ note at ago, since during /ˈdjʊərɪŋ; US ˈdʊər- / prep. within the period of time mentioned The audience must remain seated during the performance. During the summer holidays we went swimming every day. Grandpa was taken ill during the night (w nocy). ▶ podczas
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dusk /dʌsk; US / noun [uncountable] the time in the evening when the sun has already gone down and it is nearly dark ▶ zmierzch ⇨ look at dawn, twilight
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□ dusty /; US / adj. (dustier; dustiest) This shelf has got very dusty. ▶ zakurzony /dʌst/ noun [unc] very small pieces of dry dirt, sand, etc. in the form of a powder There is dust everywhere in our house. a thick layer of dust chalk/coal dust The tractor came up the track in a cloud of dust. a speck of dust pyłek ▶ kurz pył
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dust2 /dʌst; US / verb [intransitive, transitive] to clean a room, furniture, etc. by removing dust with a cloth Let me dust those shelves before you put the books on them. ▶ ścierać kurze (z czegoś) wycierać (coś) z kurzu ⇨ note at clean2
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dustbin /ˈdʌstbɪn; US / (US ˈgarbage can; ˈtrash can) noun [countable] a large container for rubbish that you keep outside your house ▶ (duży) pojemnik na śmieci śmietnik
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dustcart /ˈdʌstkɑ: t; US / (US ˈgarbage truck) noun [countable] a vehicle for collecting rubbish from outside houses, etc. ▶ śmieciarka
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duster /ˈdʌstə(r); US / noun [countable] a soft dry cloth that you use for cleaning furniture, etc. ▶ ścierka do kurzu
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dustman /ˈdʌstmən; US / noun [countable] (pl. -men /-mən; US /) a person whose job is to take away the rubbish that people put in dustbins ▶ śmieciarz
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dustpan /ˈdʌstpæn; US / noun [countable] a flat container with a handle into which you brush dirt from the floor Where do you keep your dustpan and brush? ▶ szufelka śmietniczka
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□ dutifully /-fəli; US / adv. We laughed dutifully at all his jokes, even the ones that weren’t funny. ▶ posłusznie obowiązkowo sumiennie dutiful /ˈdju: tɪfl; US ˈdu:- / adj. happy to respect and obey sb a dutiful son ▶ posłuszny obowiązkowy sumienny
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2[cou, unc] the tasks that you do when you are at work the duties of a policeman Which nurses are on night duty this week? ▶ obowiązek dyżur 3 [countable] a tax that you pay, especially on goods that you bring into a country import duty ▶ cło duty /ˈdju: ti; US ˈdu:- / noun (pl. duties) 1[countable, uncountable] something that you have to do because people expect you to do it or because you think it is right A soldier must do his duty. a sense of moral duty ▶ obowiązek powinność
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ˌduty-ˈfree adj. (used about goods) that you can bring into a country without paying tax an airport duty-free shop ▶ wolnocłowy bezcłowy □ duty-free adv. I bought this wine duty-free. ▶ bez cła ⇨ look at tax-free
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duvet /ˈdu: veɪ; US / noun [countable] a thick cover filled with feathers or another soft material that you sleep under to keep warm in bed ▶ kołdra pierzyna ⇨ look at eiderdown, quilt
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2 a person, animal or plant that is much smaller than the usual size ▶ ka-rzeł/rlica miniatura (zwierzę lub roślina) karłowaty dwarf1 /dwɔ: f; US / noun [countable] (pl. dwarfs or dwarves /dwɔ: vz; US /) 1 (in children’s stories) a very small person Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs ▶ krasnoludek ka-rzełek/rliczka
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dwarf2 /dwɔ: f; US / verb [transitive] (used about a large object) to make sth seem very small in comparison The skyscraper dwarfs all the other buildings around. ▶ pomniejszać przytłaczać
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dweller /ˈdwelə(r); US / noun [countable] [in compounds] a person or an animal that lives in the place mentioned city dwellers ▶ mieszkan-iec/ka
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dwindle /ˈdwɪndl; US / verb [intransitive] dwindle (away) to become smaller or weaker Their savings dwindled away to nothing (skurczyły się do zera). ▶ zmniejszać się słabnąć
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dye1 /daɪ; US / verb [transitive] (dyeing; dyes; past tense, past participle dyed) to make sth a different colour Does she dye her hair? I’m going to dye this blouse black. ▶ farbować barwić
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dye2 /daɪ; US / noun [countable, uncountable] a substance that is used to change the colour of sth ▶ farba barwnik
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2 (especially Brit.) a long narrow space dug in the ground and used for taking water away from land ▶ rów odwadniający dyke (also dike) /daɪk; US / noun [countable] 1 a long thick wall that is built to prevent the sea or a river from covering low land with water ▶ grobla tama zapora
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□ dynamism /ˈdaɪnəmɪzəm; US / noun [uncountable] ▶ prężność (działania) dynamizm dynamic /daɪˈnæmɪk; US / adj. 1 (used about a person) full of energy and ideas; active ▶ prężny energiczny 2 (used about a force or power) that causes movement ▶ dynamiczny
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2 [uncountable] the scientific study of the forces involved in movement fluid dynamics ▶ dynamika dynamics /daɪˈnæmɪks; US / noun 1 [pl.] the way in which people or things behave and react to each other in a particular situation ▶ (przen.) dynamika
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dynamite /ˈdaɪnəmaɪt; US / noun [uncountable] 1 a powerful substance which can explode ▶ dynamit 2 a thing or person that causes great excitement, shock, etc. His news was dynamite. ▶ dynamit bomba
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dynamo /ˈdaɪnəməʊ; US / noun [countable] (pl. dynamos) a device that changes energy from the movement of sth such as wind or water into electricity ▶ dynamo (maszyna) prądnica
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dynasty /ˈdɪnəsti; US ˈdaɪ- / noun [countable] (pl. dynasties) a series of rulers who are from the same family the Ming dynasty in China ▶ dynastia
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dysentery /ˈdɪsəntri; US -teri / noun [uncountable] a serious disease which causes you to have diarrhoea and to lose blood ▶ czerwonka dyzenteria
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dyslexia /dɪsˈleksiə; US / noun [uncountable] a difficulty that some people have with reading and spelling ▶ dysleksja □ dyslexic /; US / 1 noun [countable] ▶ dyslekty-k/czka 2 adj. ▶ dyslektyczny
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