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Вопрос		Ответ
1. Operations начать обучение		The activities involved in the production and delivery of goods or services using resources like labor, materials, and machinery.
2. Quality начать обучение		The degree to which a product or service meets certain standards or satisfies customer expectations.
3. Cost начать обучение		The total expenditure required to produce a product, including materials, labor, and overhead.
4. Dependability начать обучение		The ability to deliver products or services reliably and consistently on time.
5. Flexibility начать обучение		The ability to adapt to changes in volume, product variety, or delivery requirements.
6. Speed (Throughput) начать обучение		The rate at which products are produced and delivered to customers.
7. Lead-time начать обучение		The time between placing an order and receiving the product.
8. Time-to-market начать обучение		The time taken to develop a product from concept to launch.
9. Procurement начать обучение		The process of sourcing and purchasing goods and services from suppliers.
10. Supply chain начать обучение		A network of suppliers, manufacturers, and distributors involved in producing and delivering a product.
11. Logistics начать обучение		The organization and implementation of transporting goods from one place to another.
12. Inventory начать обучение		The raw materials, work-in-progress, and finished goods a company holds for future use or sale.
13. Feasibility начать обучение		An assessment of how practical or achievable a project or plan is.
14. Vulnerability начать обучение		The degree of risk or potential problems in a process or plan.
15. Standardization начать обучение		Limiting variety by making uniform products or processes.
16. Commonality начать обучение		The use of shared components or parts across different products.
17. Modularization начать обучение		Designing products using separate interchangeable components.
18. Concept brief начать обучение		A short document outlining the goals, features, and purpose of a new product idea.
19. Roll-out начать обучение		The gradual introduction of a new product to the market.
20. First-tier supplier начать обучение		A company that directly supplies products to the manufacturer.
21. Second-tier supplier начать обучение		A company that supplies materials to the first-tier supplier.
22. Throughput начать обучение		The amount of work or production completed in a given time.
23. Virtual operation начать обучение		A business model where temporary teams or suppliers are used for a specific project.
24. Bill of materials начать обучение		A list of raw materials, components, and instructions needed to manufacture a product.
25. E-procurement начать обучение		Purchasing goods and services using digital platforms or the internet.
26. JIT (Just-in-time) начать обучение		A production method that reduces inventory by receiving goods only as they are needed.
27. Lean operations начать обучение		A management approach focused on reducing waste and improving efficiency.
28. Kaizen начать обучение		A Japanese term meaning continuous improvement in all aspects of a business.
29. TQM (Total Quality Management) начать обучение		A comprehensive approach where all employees work toward improving quality.
30. Six Sigma начать обучение		A data-driven method for eliminating defects and improving quality, aiming for fewer than 3.4 defects per million items.
31. Capacity начать обучение		The maximum output that a company can produce under normal conditions.
32. Control of inventory начать обучение		Managing stock levels to ensure materials are available without overstocking.
33. Perpetual inventory system начать обучение		A system that automatically tracks inventory in real-time.
34. Batch production начать обучение		A production method where products are made in groups or batches.
35. Mass production начать обучение		The large-scale manufacturing of standardized products.
36. Job production начать обучение		A production method where a single product is made at a time, often customized.
37. Project production начать обучение		A method used for complex, one-off products like construction or shipbuilding.
38. EPOS (Electronic Point of Sale) начать обучение		A computerized system used in retail to process sales and update inventory.
39. RFID (Radio Frequency Identification) начать обучение		A technology used to identify and track items using radio waves.
40. Industrial robots начать обучение		Automated machines used in manufacturing to perform repetitive tasks like welding, assembling, or painting.
41. RFID tags (Radio Frequency Identification) начать обучение		Tags used to track items through radio signals, improving inventory control and traceability.
42. EPOS (Electronic Point of Sale) начать обучение		Systems used in retail that record sales and update stock levels in real-time.
43. Original Equipment Manufacturer (OEM) начать обучение		A company that produces parts and equipment that may be marketed by another manufacturer.
44. Outsourcing начать обучение		Hiring an external company to perform services or create goods that were traditionally done in-house.
45. Grants and subsidies начать обучение		Financial aid provided by the government to support businesses.
46. Infrastructure начать обучение		Basic physical systems like roads, railways, and utilities needed for business operations.
47. Proximity to suppliers/customers начать обучение		The physical closeness to suppliers or customers, affecting logistics efficiency and service speed.
48. Environmental considerations начать обучение		Concerns about how business activities affect the natural environment.
49. Screening начать обучение		The process of evaluating if a product idea is good and fits company goals.
50. Preliminary design начать обучение		Early version of a product design used for concept development.
51. Evaluation and improvement начать обучение		Assessing and refining product ideas and processes.
52. Prototyping начать обучение		Creating a sample version of a product to test its design and functionality.
53. Factory layout начать обучение		The physical arrangement of machinery, equipment, and workers in a production facility.
54. Packaging issues начать обучение		Considerations about how products are packed, including protection, cost, and branding.
55. Changeover time начать обучение		The time required to switch from producing one product to another in manufacturing.
56. Set-up time начать обучение		Time taken to prepare machines or equipment before production can begin.
57. Downtime начать обучение		Periods when production is halted, often due to equipment failure or changeovers.
58. Work-in-progress (WIP) начать обучение		Items that are in the process of being manufactured but are not yet finished.
59. Job/batch/continuous/mass production начать обучение		Different types of manufacturing processes depending on scale and customization.
60. Kanban начать обучение		A lean method that uses visual signals (like cards or software) to control production and inventory.
61. Forecasting начать обучение		Predicting future customer demand to plan production and inventory.
62. Capacity utilization начать обучение		The percentage of a factory’s total potential output that is actually being used.
63. Overtime начать обучение		Time worked beyond the regular working hours, often paid at a higher rate.
64. Subcontracting начать обучение		Hiring another company to carry out part of the production process.
65. Inventory system начать обучение		Methods and software used to monitor stock levels and reorder materials automatically.
66. Benchmarking начать обучение		Comparing one’s business processes and performance metrics to industry bests or best practices from other companies.

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