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-> Displacement of the fissures -> Vascular crowding ->Elevation of the diaphragm -> Rib crowding on the side with volume loss -> Mediastinal shift to the side with volume loss ->Overinflation of adjacent or contralateral lobes -> Hilar displacement
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Mechanisms of atelectasis начать обучение
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->Obstructive ->Relaxation ->Adhesive ->Cicatricial
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The reverse S sign, atelectasisof RUL
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1) Adjacent pleura abnormal. 2) Opacity peripheral, contact with the pleura. 3) Opacity round or elliptical 4) Volume loss in the affected lobe 5) Pulmonary vessels and bronchi opacity curved — comet tail sign.
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The differential diagnosis of chronic consolidation начать обучение
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-> Bronchioloalveolar carcinoma mucinous subtype, ->Organizing pneumonia ->Chronic eosinophilic pneumonia
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which is a nonspecific response to injury characterized by granulation polyps which fill the distal airways, producing peripheral rounded and nodular consolidation.
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Bronchioloalveolar carcinoma, -> Organizing pneumonia, -> Chronic eosinophilic pneumonia, -> Idiopathic pneumonias, -> Hypersensitivity pneumonitis. -> Alveolar proteinosis,
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ground glass in a central distribution начать обучение
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Pulmonary edema. Alveolar hemorrhage. Pneumocystititis jiroveci pneumonia. Alveolar proteinosis.
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peripheral consolidation or ground glass начать обучение
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Organizing pneumonia. Chronic eosinophilic pneumonia, typically with an upper lobe predominance. Atypical or viral pneumonia. Pulmonary edema. Peripheral pulmonary edema tends to be noncardiogenic in etiology, such as edema triggered by drug reaction.
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smooth interlobular septal thickening начать обучение
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Pulmonary edema (by far the most common cause of smooth interlobular septal thickening). Pulmonary alveolar proteinosis. Pulmonary hemorrhage. Atypical pneumonia
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Nodular, irregular, or asymmetric septal thickening начать обучение
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Lymphangitic carcinomatosis. Sarcoidosis
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smooth interlobular septal thickening начать обучение
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Pulmonary edema, Pulmonary alveolar proteinosis. Pulmonary hemorrhage. Atypical pneumonia, especially Pneumocystis jiroveci pneumonia
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Nodular, irregular, or asymmetric septal thickening начать обучение
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Lymphangitic carcinomatosis Sarcoidosis
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Alveolar proteinosis. Pneumocystis jiroveci pneumonia. Organizing pneumonia. Bronchioloalveolar carcinoma, mucinous subtype. Lipoid pneumonia, ARDS, Pulmonary hemorrhage.
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