Phonetics - the sounds of language

voiceless

tle local cords are spread apart, the air from the lungs passes between them unimpeded

voiced

vocal cords are drawn together, the air from the lungs repeatedly pushes them apart as it passes through, creating a vibration effect

bilabials

the sounds formed using both upper and lower lip ([m], [p], [b], [w])

labiodentals

sounds formed using upper teeth and lower lip ([f], [v])

dentals

sounds made with the tounge tip behind the upper front teeth ([theta], [eth])

alveolars

sounds formed with the front part of the tounge on the alveolar ridge ([t], [d], [s], [z], [n], [l], [r])

alveo-palatals

sounds produced with the tounge at the very front of the palate [[š], [č], [j z fałką], [ž], [y]

velars

sounds produced with the back of the tounge against the velum ([k], [g], [ng])

glottals

sound produced at the larynx ([h])

stops

sounds produced by some form of complete „stopping” of the air stream and letting it go abruptly ([p], [b], [t], [d], [k], [g])

fricatives

sounds produced by almost blocking the air stream, and having the air push through the narrow opening. As the air is pushed through a type of friction is produced. ([f], [v], [theta], [eth], [s], [z], [š], [ž])

affricates

[č], [j z fałką]

nasals

[m], [n], [ng]

approximants

[w], [y], [l], [r], [h]

dipthongs

combined vowel sounds which contain two different sounds, they begin with a vowel and end with a glide ([ay], [aw], [oy])