ILSPT (02) - Basic English Vocabulary for Law

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Вопрос English Ответ English
damages
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Money claimed by someone as compensation for harm done (odszkodowanie)
to commit
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To send someone to prison or to a court (skierować)
judicial
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An adjective referring to a judge or the law (sądow(nicz)y)
innocent
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Not guilty of a crime (niewinny)
offence
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Any act which is not legal (wykroczenie)
lawyer
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A person who has studied law and can act for people on legal business (prawnik)
dispute
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A disagreement or argument between parties (spór)
tribunal
начать обучение
A specialist court outside the judicial system which examines special problems (trybunał)
case
начать обучение
A set of arguments or facts put forward by one side in a legal proceeding (obrona)
judge
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An official who presides over a court (sędzia)
to plead
начать обучение
To make an allegation in legal proceedings (odpowiadać na zarzuty oskarżenia)
defendant
начать обучение
Someone who is accused of a crime in a criminal case (oskarżony, pozwany)
claimant
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A person who makes a claim against someone in a civil court (powód)
settlement
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An agreement reached after an argument (porozumienie/ugoda sądowe/a)
to arrest
начать обучение
To hold someone legally so as to charge them with a crime (aresztować)
hearing
начать обучение
A case which is being heard by committee, tribunal or court of law (sprawa sądowa)
to convict
начать обучение
To find that someone is guilty of a crime (uznać za winnego)
breach
начать обучение
Failure to carry out the terms of an agreement (naruszenie)
to prosecute
начать обучение
To bring someone to court to answer a criminal charge (wnosić oskarżenie)
to appeal
начать обучение
To ask a high law court to change its decision or sentence (złożyć apelację)
to charge
начать обучение
To say that someone has committed a crime (oskarżyć, postawić zarzut)
binding
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Having the legal ability to force someone to do something (wiążący)
civil
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An adjective referring to the rights and duties of private persons or organizations (cywilny)
defence
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The arguments used when fighting a case
contract
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A legal agreement between two or more parties (umowa prawna)
criminal
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An adjective referring to crime (kryminalny, karny)
jury
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A group of 12 citizens who decide whether or not someone is guilty in a trail (ława przysięgłych)
evidence
начать обучение
A written or spoken statement of facts which helps to prove or disprove something at a trial (materiał dowodowy)
to fine
начать обучение
To order someone to pay money as a punishment (nałożyć karę grzywny)
injunction
начать обучение
A court order telling someone to stop doing something, or not to do something (nakaz/zakaz sądowy)
accountable
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responsible for what had happened (odpowiedzialny)
impartial
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not biased or prejudiced (bezstronny)
pecuniary
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financial (pieniężny)
valid
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being acceptable because it is true or relevant (prawomocny)
unprecedented
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not having happened before (bezprecedensowy)
void
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not having any legal effect (nieważny)
admissible
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referring to evidence which a court will allow to be used (dopuszczalny)
unanimous
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where everyone votes in the same way (jednomyślny)
eligible
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able or allowed to do something (uprawniony)
irreconcilable
начать обучение
very strong, so that it is not possible for two sides to reach an agreement (nie do pogodzenia)
gross (adj.)
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serious (rażący)
deductible
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able to be removed (możliwy do usunięcia)
insolvent
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not able to pay debts (niewypłacalny)
fiduciary
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acting as trustee for someone else, or being in a position of trust (powierniczy)
occupational
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referring to jobs and work (zawodowy)
exempt
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not required to pay, or not covered by law (zwolniony)
verbatim
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in the exact words (dosłowny)
unconditional
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with no conditions attached (bezwarunkowy)
feasible
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possible or practical (wykonalny)
redundant
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no longer needed or valid (zbędny)
solvent
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having enough money to pay debts (wypłacalny)
nominal
начать обучение
a very small amount (symboliczny)
corporate
начать обучение
referring to a company (firmowy)
open-ended
начать обучение
with no fixed period, or with some items not specified (na czas nieokreślony)
litigious
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very willing to bring a lawsuit against someone to settle a disagreement (sporny)
nominee
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a person who is appointed to deal with financial or other matters on behalf of another person (nominat)
franchise
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a license to trade using a brand name and paying royalty for it
ombudsman
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someone who deals with complaints that people make against the government or public organizations (rzecznik praw obywatelskich)
guarantor
начать обучение
somebody who gives a guarantee (poręczyciel, gwarant)
perjury
начать обучение
the crime of telling a lie in a court of law (krzywoprzysięstwo)
tortfeasor
начать обучение
somebody who has committed a civil wrong to somebody, entitling the victim to claim damages (sprawca czynu niedozwolonego)
compensation
начать обучение
a payment made by a person or company to cover cost of damage or hardship which they have caused (rekompensata)
mediation
начать обучение
an attempt by a third party to make the two sides in an argument agree (pośrednictwo)
debenture
начать обучение
a document in which a company acknowledges it owes a debt and gives the company's assets as security (obligacja, skrypt dłużny)
liability
начать обучение
the legal responsibility for paying someone for loss or damage incurred (odpowiedzialność prawna - obowiązek zapłaty, pasywa)
negligence
начать обучение
a failure to give proper care to something, especially a duty or responsibility, with the result that a person or property is harmed (zaniedbanie)
goodwill
начать обучение
the good reputation and trade with customers that a business firm has (dobre imię)
to indemnify
начать обучение
to pay for loss or damage suffered (wynagrodzić)
to undetake
начать обучение
to promise to do something (zobowiązać się)
to adjudicate
начать обучение
to give a judgement between two parties (rozstrzygnąć)
to liquidate
начать обучение
to sell assets or stock to raise cash (spieniężyć)
to entitle
начать обучение
to have or give someone the right to do something (uprawnić)
to mediate
начать обучение
to try to make to sides in an argument come to an agreement (pośredniczyć)
to draft
начать обучение
to make a first rough plan of a document such as contract (sporządzany)
to defraud
начать обучение
to trick someone so as to obtain money or goods illegally (oszukiwać)
to disclose
начать обучение
to tell details (ujawnić)
to ban
начать обучение
to forbid something, or make it illegal (zakazać)
to invalidate
начать обучение
to make something no longer valid (unieważnić)
to waive
начать обучение
to say that something is not necessary (zrzec się)
to grant
начать обучение
to agree to give someone something, or to allow someone to do something (przyznać)
to ratify
начать обучение
to approve officialy something that has already been decided (potwierdzać)
to blacklist
начать обучение
to put goods, people or a company on a list of those that you will not deal with (wykluczyć)
to default
начать обучение
to fail to carry out the terms of a contract, especially to fail to pay back a debt (nie wywiązać się)
to foreclose
начать обучение
to take possession of a property because the owner cannot repay money they have borrowed using the property as security (zablokować dostęp)
to dispute
начать обучение
to argue against something; to say that something is not correct (kwestionować)
to subcontract
начать обучение
to agree with a company that they will do all or part of the work for a project (zlecić podwykonanie)
to infringe
начать обучение
to make a product in the same way as another product which has been patented, and not pay royalties (naruszyć)
to certify
начать обучение
to make an official declaration in writing (poświadczyć, uwierzytelnić)
to exempt
начать обучение
to free someone from having to pay tax (zwolnić)
to wound up
начать обучение
to put a company into liquidation (zlikwidować)
to allege
начать обучение
to state, usually in giving evidence, that something has happened or is true (twierdzić)
to abide by
начать обучение
to accept a rule or follow a custom (przestrzegać)
to vest
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to transfer to someone the legal ownership and possession of land or a right (przekazać, powierzyć)
to claim
начать обучение
to ask for money (żądać)
to seek
начать обучение
to ask for or try to do something (domagać się)

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