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Вопрос		Ответ
parts of speech начать обучение		lexical categories
name of thing, animal, person, idea начать обучение		noun
action, state, phenomena, event process начать обучение		verb
modifies verb, adjective, other adverb начать обучение		adverb
modifies noun, like what начать обучение		adjective
cat начать обучение		noun
green начать обучение		adjective
run начать обучение		verb
drive SLOWLY начать обучение		adverb
QUITE beautiful начать обучение		adverb
VERY early начать обучение		adverb
replaces noun начать обучение		pronoun
 Przyimki, indicate relations in time, space, or grammatical functions начать обучение		preposition
 To, from, during, of, with, in front of, under начать обучение		preposition
join words or phrases начать обучение		conjunction
point at object, express references type начать обучение		determiner
replaces whole sentances (no) начать обучение		particle
approach to grammar rule driven начать обучение		prescriptive approach
approach to grammar, data driven, observe native speakers начать обучение		dercriptive approach
the actual belief or mental representation of a situation not necessarily verbalized  think to yourself without speaking to others  cognitive unit, psychological, conceptual, mental representation начать обучение		deep structure
 the linguistic expression of a belief or mental representation  thoughts to sentence, syntactic начать обучение		surface structure
(aspect) general state of affairs начать обучение		simple (aspect)
(aspect) action in progress начать обучение		progressive, continuous (aspect)
(aspect) expresses relativeness of the past to the present, teraźniejszy dokonany начать обучение		perfect (aspect)
Provides information, shares information (mood) начать обучение		declarative (mood)
requests information (mood) начать обучение		interrogative (mood)
requests action, information (mood) начать обучение		imperative (mood) (imperator rozkazuje)
How many cases in english? начать обучение		2, nominative and genetive
she, Susan, my sister, the girl in the picture начать обучение		noun phrase
has done, should have done, will do it, work, is начать обучение		verb phrase
big, very big, very big indeed (modifies noun phrase) начать обучение		adjective phrase
slowly, over there, right now (modifies very phrase) начать обучение		adverb phrase
at the bar (preposition + noun phrase) начать обучение		prepositional phrase
 A phrase which provides you with additional, optional information about the event described by the verb phrase начать обучение		adjunct
component of verb phrase, and it begins with a verb and ends with a verb начать обучение		verb group
is adjunct grammatically required? начать обучение		no
orzeczenie начать обучение		predicate
limited in quantity начать обучение		finate
doesn't contain tense начать обучение		non-finate
how word changes shape bc of grammar начать обучение		inflection
individual sound, smallest component of language начать обучение		phoneme
can a phoneme be a word or morpheme? начать обучение		yes (a)
 Meaningless phonemes are combined into meaningful morphemes начать обучение		true
smallest MEANINGFUL component of language начать обучение		morpheme
 Entry in dictionary that has independent meaning or syntactic function начать обучение		word
meaning of a word, semantic content of the word начать обучение		denotation
can a verb group be verb phrase? начать обучение		yes (have been sleeping)
noun phrase without determina начать обучение		nominal group
simple sentance (NP+VP) начать обучение		clause
bigger clause of 2+ clauses начать обучение		complex sentance
verb is a member of an open class of verbs that includes all verbs except auxiliary verbs начать обучение		lexical verb
describes verb (content word) начать обучение		common adverb
verbs like should, can, could, might, will etc начать обучение		modal verb
type of verb that takes a supportive role in a sentence, second to the main verb (be, have, done) начать обучение		auxilary verb
describes adjectives, adverbs (very, quite, so) начать обучение		degree adverb
words such as the, my, this, some, twenty, each, any, which are used before nouns начать обучение		determiner
substitute a person's name. They can also substitute any third-person noun in a sentence. начать обучение		personal pronoun
show that a noun owns or possesses something. начать обучение		possesive pronoun
come before a noun to modify it, just like an adjective. начать обучение		possesive determina
who, whom, which, what, whose, whoever, whomever, whichever, whatever начать обучение		interrogative pronoun
representtion of a class of objects начать обучение		generic reference
two of more heads (husband and wife) начать обучение		coordinate phrase
strawberry начать обучение		polymorphemic word
wise- people, very-nice, very- slowly начать обучение		modifier+head
phoneme articulated in the vocal tract by creating obstruction to the air stream. начать обучение		consonant
phoneme articulated without obstruction to the air stream in the vocal tract. (Air travels freely) начать обучение		vowel
two kinds of phonemes? начать обучение		vowel, consonant
what is necessary for a syllable? начать обучение		a vowel
f, v начать обучение		labio-dental
p, b, m, ł начать обучение		bilabial
Ɵð начать обучение		dental
t, d, s, z, l,n начать обучение		alveolar
ś,ź, tś, dż начать обучение		alveo-palatal
j начать обучение		palatal
k, g, ng начать обучение		velar
h начать обучение		glottal
• P, b, t, d, k, g (short sound) начать обучение		plosive
ts, dz (short sound) начать обучение		affricate
• F, v, Ɵ, s, z, ś, ź, h (can prolong articulation) начать обучение		fricative
m, n, ng начать обучение		nasal
o Each consonant is described in terms of 3 features начать обучение		 Place of articulation  Manner of articulation  Voiced/voiceless
vowel+vowel, vowel+semi-vowel начать обучение		diphtong
o Different articulatory version of a phoneme; the change is not meaningfully distinct начать обучение		allophone
o The articulatory properties of a phoneme are affected by the articulatory properties of a neighbouring phoneme; in other words, a sound e.g., affects the preceding sound начать обучение		assimilation
o Friendship (d disappears) o We must talk (t disappears) начать обучение		elision
o Two words with ONE different phoneme (pin bin, tin sin, bed bid) начать обучение		minimal pairs
meaningless sounds can be combined into meaningful morphemes and words начать обучение		duality

gramatyka opisowa 1,2,3

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